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จากการติดตั้งใหม่สู่ เซิร์ฟเวอร์ Production

checklist ครบถ้วนสำหรับตั้งค่า Rocky Linux 9 อย่างถูกต้อง — อัปเดตระบบ, เสริมความปลอดภัยผู้ใช้, firewall, SELinux, SSH keys และบริการสำคัญ พร้อม copy-paste ตลอดทั้งคู่มือ

Rocky Linux 9.x ~30 นาที พร้อมสำหรับ Production
Step by Step

Complete First-Boot Setup

Real commands, real results — run these after a fresh Rocky Linux 9 minimal install.

root@rocky-server:~ — bash — First Boot Setup
# ── STEP 1: System update ──────────────────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
Complete!
 
# ── STEP 2: Set hostname ───────────────────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
 
# ── STEP 3: Create admin user, add to wheel ───────────
[root@rocky ~]$
 
# ── STEP 4: SSH key setup for admin user ──────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
[root@rocky ~]$
[root@rocky ~]$
 
# ── STEP 5: Harden SSH ────────────────────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
[root@rocky ~]$
 
# ── STEP 6: Configure firewall ────────────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
success
 
# ── STEP 7: Verify SELinux enforcing ──────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
Enforcing
 
# ── STEP 8: Install fail2ban ──────────────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
Created symlink fail2ban.service
 
# ── STEP 9: Enable automatic security updates ─────────
[root@rocky ~]$
[root@rocky ~]$
 
# ── STEP 10: Install monitoring agent ─────────────────
[root@rocky ~]$
✓ Server is production-ready!
 
[admin@rocky-prod-01 ~]$
Checklist

Post-Install Hardening Checklist

Tick these off before the server goes into production. Each links to a detailed guide.

System Updated

dnf update -y run. EPEL repo enabled. dnf-automatic configured for security patches.

See guide →

Hostname Set

Fully-qualified hostname set via hostnamectl. /etc/hosts updated with local IPs.

See guide →

Non-Root Admin User

Admin user created, added to wheel group. Root login disabled via SSH.

See guide →

SSH Key Auth

Ed25519 keypair deployed. PasswordAuthentication disabled. MaxAuthTries set to 3.

See guide →

Firewalld Active

Default zone configured. Only required services open. SSH rate-limiting enabled.

See guide →

SELinux Enforcing

getenforce returns Enforcing. No setenforce 0 shortcuts applied.

See guide →

Fail2Ban Running

SSH jail enabled. maxretry=5, bantime=24h, logpath=/var/log/secure.

See guide →

Auditd Active

systemd-journald and auditd running. Audit rules for /etc/passwd and sudo in place.

See guide →

Monitoring Agent

Netdata or Node Exporter installed. Dashboard accessible from internal network only.

See guide →

Backup Configured

Automated backup cron job running. Backup stored off-server. Restore tested.

See guide →

NTP Synced

chrony or ntpd running. timedatectl status shows NTP synchronized: yes.

See guide →

Swap Configured

Swap partition or LVM-based swap file in place for low-memory scenarios.

See guide →
Packages

Essential Packages for Every Server

Install these on every Rocky Linux server you deploy — tools for diagnosis, security, and operations.

PackageInstall CommandPurpose
vim / nano dnf install -y vim Text editor for config file management
bash-completion dnf install -y bash-completion Tab-completion for all dnf and systemctl commands
net-tools dnf install -y net-tools ifconfig, netstat, arp — classic networking tools
bind-utils dnf install -y bind-utils dig, nslookup, host — DNS diagnostic tools
tcpdump dnf install -y tcpdump Packet capture for network troubleshooting
nmap dnf install -y nmap Port scanner — verify firewall rules are working
htop / btop dnf install -y htop Interactive process viewer — better than top
iotop dnf install -y iotop Per-process disk I/O monitoring
lsof dnf install -y lsof List open files and sockets — find what owns a port
strace dnf install -y strace System call tracer — debug failing processes
sysstat dnf install -y sysstat sar, iostat, mpstat — historical performance data
rsync dnf install -y rsync Efficient file sync / backup — delta transfers
git dnf install -y git Version control — manage configs as code (GitOps)
tmux dnf install -y tmux Terminal multiplexer — persistent sessions over SSH
chrony dnf install -y chrony NTP sync — essential for log timestamps and Kerberos

ต้องการให้เรา deploy Rocky Linux ให้คุณหรือไม่?

ทีมของเราดูแลการตั้งค่าทั้งหมด — การจัดเตรียมฮาร์ดแวร์, ติดตั้ง OS, checklist เสริมความปลอดภัย และการกำหนดค่าบริการ — เพื่อให้ทีมของคุณมุ่งเน้นที่แอปพลิเคชัน